"Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of
Herod the king, behold, Wise Men from the East came to Jerusalem, saying, "Where
is He who has been born King of the Jews? For we have long seen His star in the
East, and have come to worship Him."
Çì·Ô ¿Õ ¶§¿¡ ¿¹¼ö²²¼ À¯´ë º£µé·¹Çð¿¡¼
³ª½Ã¸Å, µ¿¹æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ú»çµéÀÌ ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ À̸£·¯ ¸»ÇϵÇ, À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ
¿ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª½Å ÀÌ°¡ ¾îµð °è½Ã´¢? ¿ì¸®°¡ µ¿¹æ¿¡¼ ±×ÀÇ º°À» º¸°í ±×¿¡°Ô
°æ¹èÇÏ·¯ ¿Ô³ë¶ó ÇÏ´Ï.
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A triple conjunction (three close passes in a row)
of Saturn and Jupiter in the constellation of Pisces in 7 B.C. is one astronomically sound explanation for the Star of
Bethlehem. (Illustrations by Brian Sullivan)
ÁÖÀü 7³â ¹°°í±â º°ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼
Å伺°ú ¸ñ¼ºÀÌ »ïÁßÀ¸·Î ¸¸³µ´Ù´Â(ÇÑ ÁÙ·Î ¼¼ Â÷·Ê¿¡
°Éó
±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ
Á¢±Ù) ¼³¸íÀÌ º£µé·¹ÇðÀÇ º°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãµ¹®ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î
ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ´Ù.(±×¸² ºê¶óÀ̾𠼳¸®¹ø)
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[¿ªÀÚÁÖ] Çѱ¹ÆÇ ºê¸®Å¸´ÏÄ«¿¡¼´Â "Áß±¹ÀÇ ¿¬´ë±âµéÀº BC 5~4³â¿¡ ½Å¼ºÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â·ÏÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 17¼¼±âÃÊ ¿äÇϳ׽º ÄÉÇ÷¯´Â º£µé·¹Çð º°ÀÌ ¹àÀº Ç༺µéÀÇ ÇÕÀ̳ª ±×
±Ùó¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ½Å¼ºÀ̾úÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» Æñ´Ù. ¼·Â ±â¿øÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î º¸´Â ¿¬´ë±âÀûÀÎ ½ÃÁ¡ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ 10³â µ¿¾È ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ Ç༺µéÀÇ ÇÕÀÌ ¿©·¯
Â÷·Ê ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù. BC 6³âÃÊ È¼º·¸ñ¼º·Å伺ÀÌ 3°¢ÇüÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î »ïÁß ÇÕÀÌ »ý°å´Âµ¥, ÈçÈ÷ º£µé·¹ÇðÀÇ º°À» ÀÌ ÇÕÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¿¡ ¾Õ¼ BC 7³â¿¡ ¸ñ¼º°ú Å伺ÀÌ 8°³¿ù µ¿¾È °è¼Ó ¼·Î 3° À̳»ÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ À¯ÁöÇß°í, 3¹øÀº 1° À̳»ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ·Î ½ºÃÄ
Áö³ª°¬´Ù. ¸î ÇØ µÚ BC 2³â 6¿ù 17ÀÏ ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾Æ¿¡¼ º°À» °üÂûÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷À̶ó¸é ¹àÀº Ç༺ÀÎ ±Ý¼º°ú ¸ñ¼ºÀÌ º£µé·¹ÇðÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¼ÂÊ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î
Áö±â Á÷Àü ¼·Î ÇÕÃÄÁö´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù."°í Àû°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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No matter how many
times Matthew's story is told, the question remains: What exactly was this star?
There has been no shortage of explanations. According to one count, 250 major
scholarly articles on the subject were published in the first three-quarters of
this century alone. Here is a short list of nominations: It may simply have been
a bright star, a supernova (an old star which, in a gravitational death spasm,
blazes forth for a few months before gasping its last breath of nuclear energy),
or a recurrent supernova (the same, except that several hundred years generally
intervene between spasms). Some believe it was a constellation, more portentous
than a single star, or a bright comet; Halley's has been mentioned. Others say
the great luminary was really two comets, a meteor shower, or a fireball (a
colossal meteor visible only in a small part of the world). A few have nominated
the aurora borealis (northern lights). There are those who contend the star
should have been called the Planet of Bethlehem--Venus hovering over the horizon
or transiting the surface of the sun. Combinations of sky phenomena have been
suggested, including a conjunction of two or more planets, such as the triple
conjunction (three close visual passes in a row) of Saturn and Jupiter in the
constellation of Pisces in 7 B.C., a planetary conjunction
plus a comet, or eclipses of Saturn and Jupiter by the moon, as well as the
zodiacal light, a reflection of sunlight off interplanetary particles in the
plane of the planets' orbits, has been cited, as have UFOs. A second category of
explanation avoids the necessity of scientific accountability by positing a
theophany, an aura of light surrounding God, a supernatural radiance. A third
category raises the possibility that the star is neither chronological nor
literal and that identifying it either naturally or supernaturally serves no
purpose, that it is "just a story."
¾Æ¹«¸® ¸¹ÀÌ ¸¶Åº¹À½ÀÇ À̾߱⸦ µé¾îµµ,
ÀÌ º°ÀÌ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¹«¾ùÀ̾ú´Â°¡¶ó´Â Áú¹®ÀÌ ³²´Â´Ù. ÀÌ º°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íµéÀÌ
ºÎÁ·Çؼ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ¼öÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, 20¼¼±â µé¾î óÀ½ 75³â µ¿¾È¿¡¸¸
250°³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Çмú ±â»çµéÀÌ ÃâÆǵǾú´Ù. ±× °¡¿îµ¥¼ ¸î °¡Áö ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ
ÁÖÀåµéÀ» µé¾îº¸¸é, ±× º°Àº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹àÀº º°À̾ú°Å³ª Ãʽżº(õ±ãæàø,
ÃʽżºÀº ´ÄÀº º°ÀÇ Á߷»ç¸Á¹ßÀÛÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÇÙ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦
¸ðµÎ ¼Ò¸ðÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¸î °³¿ù µ¿¾È ºÒÀ» Ç°¾î³½´Ù.)À̾ú°Å³ª
ȸ±ÍÃʽżº(¼ö ¹é³âÀÌ º¸Åë ¹ßÀÛ°ú ¹ßÀÛ »çÀÌ¿¡ ³¢¾îÀÖ´Â °Í ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡´Â
°°´Ù.)À̾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ º°À̳ª ¹àÀº
Çý¼ºº¸´Ù´Â ´õ ¾öû³ º°ÀÚ¸®¿´À» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ÇÒ·¹ÀÌÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÌ
¾ð±ÞµÇ¾ú´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× Å« ¹ß±¤Ã¼°¡ Á¤¸» µÎ °³ÀÇ Çý¼ºµé, ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ
À¯¼º¼Ò³ª±â, ȤÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ºÒµ¢¾î¸®(Áö»óÀÇ ÀϺκп¡¼¸¸ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ
¾öû³ À¯¼º)¿´´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¸î »ç¶÷Àº ¿À·Î¶ó º¸·¹¾Æ½º(±â»óºÏ±Ø±¤)¶ó°í
ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× º°ÀÌ ÁöÆò¼±À» °¨½Î´Â ±Ý¼º ȤÀº žç ÁöÇ¥¸éÀ» Åë°úÇÏ´Â
º£µé·¹Çð Ç༺À¸·Î ºÒ·ÁÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ °³³ª
¶Ç´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº Ç༺µéÀÇ °áÇÕÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÇÏ´Ã Çö»óÀÇ °áÇÕµéÀ̶ó´Â Á¦¾ÈÀÌ
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÁÖÀü 7³â ¹°°í±â º°ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼ Å伺°ú ¸ñ¼ºÀÌ »ïÁßÀ¸·Î ¸¸³²(ÇÑ
ÁÙ·Î
¼¼ Â÷·Ê¿¡
°Éó
±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ °¡½ÃÀû Á¢±Ù), Çý¼ºÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ Ç༺ÀÇ °áÇÕ,
ȤÀº ´Þ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Å伺°ú ¸ñ¼ºÀÇ ¾öÆó(ãÚ), Ȳµµ±¤, Ç༺µéÀÇ ±ËµµÆò¸é¿¡¼
Ç༺°£ ÀÔÀÚ¼±µé¿¡ ¶³¾îÁø žçºû ¹Ý»ç¶ó´Â Á¦¾ÈµéÀÌ UFOµé¿¡¼ ±×·¨´ø
°Íó·³ ÀοëµÇ¾ú´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° ¼³¸íÀÇ ¹üÁÖ´Â Çö½Å(úéãê) Áï Çϳª´ÔÀ»
°¨½Î°í ÀÖ´Â ºûÀÇ ºÐÀ§±â(¾Æ¿ì¶ó) ¶Ç´Â ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ±¤Ã¤¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÔÀ¸·Î½á
°úÇÐÀû ¼³¸í(Ã¥ÀÓ)ÀÇ Çʿ伺À» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø° ¹üÁÖ´Â ±× º°ÀÌ ¿¬´ëÀûÀ̰ųª
¹®ÀÚÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î³ª ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î³ª ±×°ÍÀÇ Á¤Ã¼¸¦
¹àÈ÷´Â °ÍÀº ¹«ÀǹÌÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀº "´Ù¸¸ À̾߱â"ÀÏ»ÓÀ̶ó´Â
°¡´É¼ºÀ» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù.
Which of these explanations one opts for depends on who is asking the
question--astronomer, theologian, or historian--and what constitutes meaning for
each in the historical framework in which he or she makes the inquiry.
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â ÀÌµé ¼³¸íµé °¡¿îµ¥ ¾î´À
°ÍÀÌ ±× Áú¹®À» ¹¯°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϴ°¡--õ¹®ÇÐÀÚ, ½ÅÇÐÀÚ, ȤÀº
¿ª»ç°¡ --±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀÌ ±×°¡ ȤÀº ±×³à°¡ Á¶»çÇÏ´Â ¿ª»çÀû °ñ°Ý¿¡¼
°¢ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ Çü¼ºÇϴ°¡.
DIALOGUE WITH THE FIRMAMENT ÇϴðúÀÇ ´ëÈ
An oft-missing
element in comprehending the story of the Star of Bethlehem is the vital role
that astrology played in ancient beliefs about the natural world. Even today, a
1997 poll found that 37% of Americans believe in astrology--up from 17% in 1976.
The doctrine linking celestial events to earthly activities--"as above, so
below"--influenced all levels of society, from nobility to peasantry, and all
forms of activity, from politics and science to medicine and agriculture. Rome
at the time of nascent Christianity was no exception.
º£µé·¹Çð º°ÀÇ À̾߱⸦ ÀÌÇØÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
°¡²û ³õÄ¡´Â ¿ä¼Ò´Â õ¹®ÇÐÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ¿¬¼¼°è¿¡ °üÇÑ °í´ë ½Å¾Ó¿¡¼ °¨´çÇÑ
¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ¿À´Ã¿¡µµ, 1997³â ¿©·ÐÁ¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé,
¹Ì±¹ÀÎµé °¡¿îµ¥ 37%°¡ Á¡¼º¼úÀ» ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. 1996³â Á¶»ç¿¡¼´Â
17%¿´´Ù. Çϴÿ¡¼ ÀϾ´Â »ç°ÇµéÀ» Áö»óÀÇ È°µ¿µé¿¡ ¿¬°è½ÃÅ°´Â °¡¸£Ä§Àº--"À§¿¡¼¿Í
°°ÀÌ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼µµ"--»ó·ùÃþ¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ³óºÎµé¿¡°Ô±îÁö »çȸÀÇ ¸ðµç
°èÃþ¿¡ ±×¸®°í Á¤Ä¡Çаú °úÇп¡¼ºÎÅÍ ÀÇÇаú ³ó¾÷¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¸ðµç
ÇüÅÂÀÇ È°µ¿¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆ´Ù. Ãʱ⠱⵶±³ ´ç½Ã ·Î¸¶µµ ¿¹¿Ü´Â ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
ANTHONY F. AVENI is the Russell B.
Colgate Professor of Anthropology and Astronomy at Colgate University.
¾Æº£´Ï F. ¾ÈÅä´Ï´Â ÄÝ°ÔÀÌÆ® ´ëÇб³ÀÇ ÀηùÇаú
õ¹®ÇÐÀÇ ·¯¼¿ B. ÄÝ°ÔÀÌÆ® ±³¼öÀÌ´Ù.
© 1998 by the Archaeological Institute of
America http://www.archaeology.org/9811/abstracts/star.html |